高负荷低压涡轮内部非定常流动机理及其控制策略研究进展

推进技术 ›› 2017, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (10): 2186-2199.

高负荷低压涡轮内部非定常流动机理及其控制策略研究进展

朱俊强^1,2,屈骁^1,2,张燕峰^1,2,卢新根^1,2,李伟^1,2

中国科学院工程热物理研究所/轻型动力重点实验室，北京 100190; 中国科学院大学，北京 100049,中国科学院工程热物理研究所/轻型动力重点实验室，北京 100190; 中国科学院大学，北京 100049,中国科学院工程热物理研究所/轻型动力重点实验室，北京 100190; 中国科学院大学，北京 100049,中国科学院工程热物理研究所/轻型动力重点实验室，北京 100190; 中国科学院大学，北京 100049,中国科学院工程热物理研究所/轻型动力重点实验室，北京 100190; 中国科学院大学，北京 100049

发布日期:2021-08-15
作者简介:朱俊强，男，博士，研究员，研究领域为叶轮机械气动热力学。E-mail: zhujq@iet.cn 通讯作者:屈骁，男，博士生，研究领域为叶轮机械气动热力学。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51476166)。

Research Progress on Unsteady Flow Mechanism and Control Strategies of High-Lift Low Pressure Turbine

Key Laboratory of Light-Duty Gas-Turbine，Institute of Engineering Thermophysics， Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100190，China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China,Key Laboratory of Light-Duty Gas-Turbine，Institute of Engineering Thermophysics， Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100190，China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China,Key Laboratory of Light-Duty Gas-Turbine，Institute of Engineering Thermophysics， Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100190，China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China,Key Laboratory of Light-Duty Gas-Turbine，Institute of Engineering Thermophysics， Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100190，China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China and Key Laboratory of Light-Duty Gas-Turbine，Institute of Engineering Thermophysics， Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100190，China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China

Published:2021-08-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 低压涡轮湍流问题是制约高性能航空发动机研制的难点之一。为了理清低压涡轮内部湍流流动机理，并掌握相应的控制策略，获得计及非定常流动特征的高负荷低压涡轮气动设计方法，基于课题组长期从事高负荷低压涡轮的研究基础之上，结合国内外低压涡轮大量研究工作，系统地介绍了尾迹扫掠下低压涡轮叶片吸力面附面层发展演化过程、端区二次流非定常特征变化以及相应的流动损失机制及其抑制方法。优化叶片载荷分布在一定程度上能够减小叶型损失和二次流损失；尾迹扫掠能够诱导吸力面附面层发生转捩从而减小叶型损失，同时也有助于抑制端区二次流的发展，但在不同雷诺数下，尾迹的作用效果可能不同；对于高/超高负荷低压涡轮，特别是在低雷诺数条件下，需要借助有效的流动控制手段来抑制分离。

关键词: 低压涡轮；高负荷；流动机理；损失机制；流动控制

Abstract: The turbulence issue in high-lift low pressure turbines is one of the most important factors for the aero-engine performance. For understanding the physical mechanisms of turbulence flow in high-lift low pressure turbines， and mastering flow control strategy， research on the unsteady flow in high-lift low pressure turbine blade is necessary to get the aerodynamic design methodology of low pressure turbine considering unsteady flow characteristics. Based on the large amount of research for high lift low pressure turbine from domestic and foreign researchers， together with the efforts current authors had been done， this paper systematically introduces the evolution process of boundary layer behaviors， the unsteady characteristic change of endwall secondary flow， the loss mechanism and the control strategies of low pressure turbines under periodically unsteady incoming flow conditions. To optimize blade-loading distribution can decrease profile losses and secondary losses to some extent. Upstream wakes can induce the transition of blade suction side boundary layer to decrease profile losses and also contribute to suppress the development of endwall secondary flow， but the effect of wake is double-edged at different Reynolds numbers. The effective flow control strategies are necessary to suppress flow separation for high/ultra-high lift low pressure turbine， especially at low Reynolds number.

Key words: Low pressure turbine；High-lift；Flow mechanism；Loss mechanism；Flow control

朱俊强,屈骁,张燕峰,卢新根,李伟. 高负荷低压涡轮内部非定常流动机理及其控制策略研究进展[J]. 推进技术, 2017, 38(10): 2186-2199.

ZHU Jun-qiang^1,2,QU Xiao^1,2,ZHANG Yan-feng^1,2,LU Xin-gen^1,2,LI Wei^1,2. Research Progress on Unsteady Flow Mechanism and Control Strategies of High-Lift Low Pressure Turbine[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2017, 38(10): 2186-2199.

参考文献

[1] Denos R. Gas Turbine Research in European Projects[C]. Seville: 2nd Joint EVI-GTI International Gas Turbine Instrumentation Conference, 2008.
[2] Haselbach F, Schiffer H P, Horsman M, et al. The Application of Ultra High Lift Blade in the BR715 LP Turbine[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2002, 124(1):45-51.
[3] Pfeil H, Herbst R. Transition Procedure of Instationary Boundary Layers[R]. ASME GT 1979-128.
[4] 王明杰, 雷志军, 朱俊强. 压气机叶片附面层转捩的试验研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2008, 29(3): 419-422.
[5] 李伟, 朱俊强, 李钢, 等. 基于表面热膜的超高负荷低压涡轮叶栅附面层特性[J]. 航空动力学报, 2011, 26(1): 115-121.
[6] 李伟, 张波, 周敏, 等. 尾迹扫掠下超高负荷低压涡轮叶片附面层特性[J]. 航空动力学报, 2012, 27(1): 176-182.
[7] 李伟. 上游尾迹扫掠下超高负荷低压涡轮边界层特性研究[D]. 北京:中国科学院大学, 2012.
[8] 孙爽. 尾迹扫掠耦合粗糙度对超高负荷低压涡轮分离控制的实验研究[D]. 北京:中国科学院大学, 2014.
[9] 张波, 李伟, 卢新根, 等. U型槽对高负荷低压涡轮叶型攻角特性影响[J]. 航空动力学报, 2012, 27(7): 1503-1510.
[10] 张波, 李伟, 卢新根, 等. 变工况下超高负荷低压涡轮叶片边界层被动控制[J]. 航空动力学报, 2012, 12(12): 2805-2813.
[11] 张波, 李伟, 黄恩亮, 等. 超高负荷低压涡轮叶型边界层被动控制[J]. 推进技术, 2012, 33(5): 747-753. (ZHANG Bo, LI Wei, HUANG En-liang, et al. Boundary Layer Passive Control of an Ultra-High-Lift Low-Pressure Turbine Blade[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2012, 33(5): 747-753.)
[12] 叶建, 邹正平. 逆压梯度下层流分离泡转捩的大涡模拟[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2006, 27(3): 402-404.
[13] 叶建, 邹正平. 低雷诺数下周期性尾迹/层流分离泡相互作用的大涡模拟[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2007, 28(2): 215-218.
[14] 刘火星, 邹正平, 刘强. 尾迹对涡轮叶栅边界层分离影响的流动显示[C]. 上海:中国工程热物理学会热机气动热力学学术会议, 2003.
[15] 杨琳, 冯涛, 邹正平, 等. 低雷诺数涡轮内部流场分析[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2005, 31(11):1194-1197.
[16] 李维, 邹正平. 低雷诺数环境中低压涡轮部件的气动设计探索[J]. 推进技术, 2004, 25(3): 219-223. (LI Wei, ZOU Zheng-ping. Investigation of Aerodynamic Design of Low Pressure Turbine at Low Reynolds Number Conditions[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2004, 25(3): 219-223.)
[17] 罗华玲. 高负荷低压涡轮叶片气动设计问题数值与实验研究[D]. 西安:西北工业大学, 2009.
[18] 刘波, 管继伟, 陈云永, 等. 用端壁造型减小涡轮叶栅二次流损失的数值研究[J]. 推进技术, 2008, 29(3): 355-359. (LIU Bo, GUAN Ji- wei, CHEN Yun- yong, et al. Numerical Investigation for Effect of Non-Axisymmetric Endwall Profiling on Secondary Flow in Turbine Cascade[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2008, 29(3): 355-359.)
[19] 王仲奇, 冯国泰, 王松涛, 等. 透平叶片中的二次流旋涡结构的研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2002, 23(5):553-556.
[20] Howell R J, Ramesh O N, Hodson H P, et al. High Lift and Aft Loaded Profiles for Low Pressure Turbines[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2001, 124(2): 385-392.
[21] Mayle R. The Role of Laminar-Turbulent Transition in Gas Turbine Engines[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 1991, 113: 509-537.
[22] Pfeil H, Herbst R. Transition Procedure of Instationary Boundary Layers[R]. ASME GT 179-128.
[23] Hodson H P, Howell R J. Bladerow Interactions, Transition, and High-Lift Aerofoils in Low-Pressure Turbines[J]. Annu.Rev.Fluid Mech, 2005, 37: 71-98.
[24] Zhong S, Kittichaikan C, Hodson H P, et al. A Study of Unsteady Wake-Induced Boundary-Layer Transition with Thermochromic Liquid Crystals[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 1998, 213(3): 163-171.
[25] Wu X, Jacobs R G, Hunt J C R, et al. Simulation of Boundary Layer Transition Induced by Periodically Passing Wakes[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1999, 398:109-153.
[26] Halstead D E, Wisler D C, Okiishi, et al. Boundary Layer Development in Axial Compressor and Turbines:Part 3 of 4-LP Turbines[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 1997, 119(2): 225-237.
[27] Schulte V, Hodson H P. Unsteady Wake-Induced Boundary Layer Transition in High Lift LP Turbines[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 1998, 120(1): 28-35.
[28] Hodson H P, Dawes W N. On the Interpretation of Measured Profile Losses in Unsteady Wake-Turbine Blade Interaction Studies[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 1998, 120(2): 276-284.
[29] Brunner S, Fottner L. Comparison of Two Highly Loaded Low Pressure Turbine Cascades under the Influence of Wake-Induced Transition[R]. ASME GT 2000-268.
[30] Teusch R, Brunner S, Fottner L, et al. The Influence of Multimode Transition Initiated by Periodic Wakes on the Profile Loss of a Linear Compressor Cascade[R]. ASME GT 2000-271.
[31] Lu X G, Zhang Y F, Li W, et al. Effects of Periodic Wakes on Boundary Layer Development on an Ultra-High-Lift Low Pressure Turbine Airfoil[J]. Proc IMechE Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 2017, 231(1): 25-38.
[32] Hourmouziadis J. Aerodynamic Design of Low Pressure Turbines[R]. AGARD, Blading Design for Axial Turbomachines, 167-1989.
[33] Howell R J, Ramesh O N, Hodson H P, et al. High Lift and Aft Loaded Profiles for Low Pressure Turbines[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2001, 124 (2): 385-392.
[34] Praisner T J, Grover E A, Knezevici D C, et al. Toward the Expansion of Low-Pressure-Turbine Airfoil Design Space[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2013, 135(6).
[35] Coull J D, Thomas R L, Hodson H P. Velocity Distributions for Low Pressure Turbines[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2010, 132(4).
[36] Popovic I, Zhu J, Dai W, et al. Aerodynamics of a Family of Three Highly Loaded Low-Pressure Turbine Airfoils: Measured Effects of Reynolds Number and Turbulence Intensity in Steady Flow[C]. Barcelona: ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, 2006:961-969.
[37] Zoric T, Popovic I, Sjolander S A, et al. Comparative Investigation of Three Highly Loaded LP Turbine Airfoils, Part I Measured Profile and Secondary Losses at Design Incidence[C]. Montreal: ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, 2007: 631-638.
[38] Gier J, Franke M, Hübner N, et al. Designing LP Turbines for Optimized Airfoil Lift[C]. Berlin: ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, 2008: 1345-1358.
[39] Prakash C, Cherry D G, Shin H W, et al. Effect of Loading Level and Distribution on LPT Losses[C]. Berlin: ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, 2008: 917-925.
[40] Schobeiri M T, ?ztürk B, Ashpis D E. On the Physics of Flow Separation Along a Low Pressure Turbine Blade under Unsteady Flow Conditions[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2005, 127(3): 503-513.
[41] Houtermans R, Coton T, Arts T. Aerodynamic Performance of a Very High Lift Low Pressure Turbine Blade with Emphasis on Separation Prediction[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2004, 26(3): 406-413.
[42] Montis M, Niehuis R, Fiala A. Effect of Surface Roughness on Loss Behaviour, Aerodynamic Loading and Boundary Layer Development of a Low-Pressure Gas Turbine Airfoil[R]. ASME GT 2010-23317.
[43] Montomoli F, Hodson H, Haselbach F. Effect of Roughness and Unsteadiness on the Performance of a New Low Pressure Turbine Blade at Low Reynolds Numbers[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2010, 132(3).
[44] Ramesh O N, Hodson H P, Harvey N W. Separation Control in Ultra-High Lift Aerofoils by Unsteadiness and Surface Roughness[C]. USA: 15th International Symposium on Airbreathing Engines, 2001.
[45] Roman K M. The Effect of Roughness and Wake Unsteadiness on Low-Pressure Turbine Performance[D]. UK: Cambridge University, 2003.
[46] Hodson H P, Dominy R G. Three-Dimensional Flow in a Low Pressure Turbine Cascade at its Design Condition[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 1987, 109(2):177-185.
[47] Langston L S. Crossflows in a Turbine Cascade Passage[J]. Journal of Engineering for Power, 1980, 102(4):866-874.
[48] Dossena V, D’Ippolito G, Pesatori E. Stagger Angle and Pitch-Chord Ratio Effects on Secondary Flows Downstream of a Turbine Cascade at Several Off-Design Conditions[C]. Vienna: ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, 2004: 1429-1437.
[49] Fottner L. The Influence of Load Distribution on Secondary Flow in Straight Turbine Cascades[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 1995, 117(1): 133-141.
[50] Hodson H P. Boundary Layer and Loss Measurements on the Rotor of an Axial Flow Turbine[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 1984, 106(2): 391-399.
[51] Perdichizzi A, Dossena V. Incidence Angle and Pitch-Chord Effects on Secondary Flows Downstream of a Turbine Cascade[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 1993, 115(3): 383-391.
[52] Zoric T, Popovic I, Sjolander S A, et al. Comparative Investigation of Three Highly Loaded LP Turbine Airfoils, Part I: Measured Profile and Secondary Losses at Design Incidence[R]. ASME GT 2007-27537.
[53] Zoric T. Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flows in a Family of Three Highly Loaded Low-Pressure Turbine Cascades[D]. Carleton: Carleton University, 2006.
[54] Duden A, Fottner L. The Secondary Flow Field of a Turbine Cascade with 3D Airfoil Design and Endwall Contouring at Off-Design Incidence[R]. ASME GT 1999-211.
[55] Brear M J, Hodson H P, Gonzalez P, et al. Pressure Surface Separations in Low-Pressure Turbines, Part 2:Interactions with Secondary Flow[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2002, 124, 402-409.
[56] Gregory-Smith D G, Cleak J G E. Secondary Flow Measurements in a Turbine Cascade with High Inlet Turbulence[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 1992, 114(1): 173-183.
[57] Matsunama T, Abe H, Tsutsi.Influence of Turbulence Intensity on Annular Turbine Stator Aerodynamics at Low Reynolds Numbers[R]. ASME GT 1999-151.
[58] Schneider C M, Schrack D, Kuerner M, et al. On the Unsteady Formation of Secondary Flow Inside a Rotating Turbine Blade Passage[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2014, 136(6).
[59] Ciorciari R, Kirik I, Niehuis R. Effects of Unsteady Wakes on the Secondary Flows in the Linear T106 Turbine Cascade[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2014, 136(9).
[60] Murawski C G, Vafai K. Effect of Wake Disturbance Frequency on the Secondary Flow Vortex Structure in a Turbine Blade Cascade[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2000, 122(3): 606-613.
[61] Satta F, Simoni D, Ubaldi M, et al. Profile and Secondary Flow Losses in a High-Lift LPT Blade Cascade at Different Reynolds Numbers under Steady and Unsteady Inflow Conditions[J]. Journal of Thermal Science, 2012, 21(6): 483-491.　　　　　　　　　　　　　*　收稿日期:2017-06-29；修订日期:2017-07-19。基金项目:国家自然科学基金(51476166)。作者简介:朱俊强,男,博士,研究员,研究领域为叶轮机械气动热力学。E-mail: zhujq@iet.cn通讯作者:屈骁,男,博士生,研究领域为叶轮机械气动热力学。E-mail: quxiao@iet.cn(编辑:朱立影)