高负荷两级轴流压气机耦合型机匣处理的设计研究

推进技术 ›› 2017, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (10): 2365-2373.

高负荷两级轴流压气机耦合型机匣处理的设计研究

王维^1,2,楚武利^1,3,张皓光¹

西北工业大学动力与能源学院，陕西西安 710072; 西安理工大学水利水电学院，陕西西安 710048,西北工业大学动力与能源学院，陕西西安 710072; 先进航空发动机协同创新中心，北京 100191,西北工业大学动力与能源学院，陕西西安 710072

发布日期:2021-08-15
作者简介:王维，男，博士，研究领域为叶轮机械气动热力学。E-mail: alexnwpu@mail.nwpu.edu.cn 通讯作者:楚武利，男，博士，教授，研究领域为叶轮机械气动热力学。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点基金(51576162；51236006)；西北工业大学博士论文创新基金(CX201422)。

Study of Design of a Coupled Casing Treatment for a Two-Stage High-Loaded Axial Flow Compressor

School of Power and Energy，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710072，China; Faculty of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering，Xi’an University of Technology，Xi’an 710048，China,School of Power and Energy，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710072，China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Aero-Engine，Beijing 100191，China and School of Power and Energy，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710072，China

Published:2021-08-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了提升高负荷两级轴流压气机的失速裕度，在分析传统缝式机匣处理无法扩稳的流动机理基础上，设计了一种耦合型机匣处理结构，采用三维数值模拟对该结构进行了优化设计。针对优化的耦合型机匣处理进行了非定常数值模拟，阐述了该机匣处理的扩稳机理以及机匣处理作用下压气机新的失速机制。研究表明，两级高负荷压气机的失速由第一级转子叶顶强激波诱发的附面层分离引起，缝式机匣处理无法有效消除该附面层分离引起的通道堵塞，因而无法提高该压气机的失速裕度。耦合型机匣处理结合了缝式机匣处理和自循环机匣处理各自的优势，将第一级转子叶顶的低能流体抽吸至进口导叶通道，极大改善了转子叶顶的流动状况，使压气机的稳定工作范围提高了49.3%，设计点效率提升了0.54%。在耦合型机匣处理的作用下，静子通道内集中脱落涡诱发的通道堵塞成为触发压气机失速的新因素。

关键词: 轴流压气机；缝式机匣处理；耦合型机匣处理；失速裕度；集中脱落涡

Abstract: A coupled casing treatment was designed and optimized with three-dimensional numerical simulation to improve the stall margin of a two-stage high-loaded axial flow compressor. The design was based on the understanding of the failure of traditional slot-type casing treatment in the experiment. The flow mechanism of stability improvement was analyzed with the method of unsteady simulations for the optimized coupled casing treatment， and the compressor’s stall mechanism under the effect of the casing treatment was also studied. The results show that the stall of the two-stage compressor is induced by the boundary layer separation that is caused by the passage shock at the rotor tip of the first stage. The slot-type casing treatment cannot effectively diminish the blockage induced by the boundary layer separation， and thus cannot improve the compressor’s stability. The coupled casing treatment， which takes advantage of slot-type casing treatment and recirculating casing treatment， bleeds the low-energy fluid at the rotor tip into the passage of inlet guide vanes and improves extremely the flow condition of the rotor tip. The stable operating range of compressor is improved by 49.3% and the adiabatic efficiency at the design point is improved by 0.54%. The compressor’s stall is triggered by the blockage induced by the concentrated shedding vortex in the stator rather than the rotor under the effect of coupled casing treatment.

Key words: Axial flow compressor；Slot-type casing treatment；Coupled casing treatment；Stall margin；Concentrated shedding vortex

王维,楚武利,张皓光. 高负荷两级轴流压气机耦合型机匣处理的设计研究[J]. 推进技术, 2017, 38(10): 2365-2373.

WANG Wei^1,2,CHU Wu-li^1,3,ZHANG Hao-guang¹. Study of Design of a Coupled Casing Treatment for a Two-Stage High-Loaded Axial Flow Compressor[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2017, 38(10): 2365-2373.

参考文献

[1] Smith L H, Griffin R G Jr. Experimental Evaluation of Outer Case Blowing or Bleeding of a Single Stage Axial Flow Compressor, Part I: Design of Rotor Blowing and Bleeding Configurations[R]. NASA CR-54587, 1966.
[2] Smith L H, Koch C C Jr. Experimental Evaluation of Outer Case Blowing or Bleeding of a Single Stage Axial Flow Compressor, Part VI: Final Report[R]. NASA CR-54592, 1970.
[3] Freeman C, Wilson A G, Day I J, et al. Experiments in Active Control of Stall on an Aeroengine Gas Turbine[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 1998, 120(4): 637-647.
[4] Hathaway M D. Self-Recirculating Casing Treatment Concept for Enhanced Compressor Performance[R]. ASME GT-2002-30368.
[5] Yang H, Nuernberger D, Nicke E, et al. Numerical Investigation of Casing Treatment Mechanisms with a Conservative Mixed-Cell Approach[R]. ASME GT 2003-38483.
[6] Strazisar A J, Bright M M, Thorp S, et al. Compressor Stall Control Through Endwall Recirculation[R]. ASME GT 2004-5 4295.
[7] Weichert S, Day I, Freeman C. Self-Regulating Casing Treatment for Axial Compressor Stability Enhancement[R]. ASME GT 2011-46042.
[8] Guinet C, Streit J A, Kau H P, et al. Tip Gap Variation on a Transonic Rotor in the Presence of Tip Blowing[R].ASME GT 2014-25042.
[9] David E. The Potential Benefits of Advanced Casing Treatment for Noise Attenuation in Utra-High Bypass Ratio Turbofan Engines[R]. NASA/TM-2007-214812.
[10] Fite EB. Fan Performance from Duct Rake Instrumentation on a 1.294 Pressure Ratio, 725ft/sec Tip Speed Turbofan Simulator Using Vaned Passage Casing Treatment[R]. NASA/TM-2006-214241.
[11] Khaleghi H. Effect of Discrete Endwall Recirculation on the Stability of a High-Speed Compressor Rotor[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2014, 37: 130-137.
[12] 张皓光, 楚武利, 吴艳辉, 等. 压气机端壁自适应流通延迟失速的数值分析[J]. 推进技术, 2009, 30(2):202-208. (ZHANG Hao-guang, CHU Wu-li, WU Yan-hui, et al. Numerical Investigation of the Flow Mechanisms of Compressor Stall Delay Through Endwall Self Recirculation[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2010, 30(2): 202-208.)
[13] 张皓光, 楚武利, 吴艳辉, 等. 自适应流通机匣处理改善压气机性能的机理[J]. 推进技术, 2010, 31(3):301-308. (ZHANG Hao-guang, CHU Wu-li, WU Yan-hui, et al. Flow Mechanisms of Improving Compressor Performance Through Self Recirculation Casing Treatment[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2010, 31(3): 301-308.)
[14] Wang W , Chu W L, Zhang H G, et al. Experimental Study of Self-Recirculating Casing Treatment in a Subsonic Axial Compressor[J]. Journal of Power and Energy, 2016, 230(8): 805-818 .
[15] 李继超, 林峰, 刘乐, 等. 跨音轴流压气机自循环喷气扩稳试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2014, 50(8): 135-143.
[16] Yang C, Zhao S, Lu X, et al. Investigation on Multiple Cylindrical Holes Casing Treatment for Transonic Axial Compressor Stability Enhancement[J]. Journal of Thermal Science, 2014, 23(4): 346-353.
[17] Nie C, Xu G, Cheng X, et al. Micro Air Injection and Its Unsteady Response in a Low-Speed Axial Compressor[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2002, 124(4): 572-579.
[18] 卢新根, 楚武利, 朱俊强. 定常微量喷气提高轴流压气机稳定工作裕度机理探讨[J]. 西北工业大学学报, 2007, 25(1): 17-21.
[19] Dobrzynski B, Saathoff H, Kosyna G. Active Flow Control in a Single-Stage Axial Compressor Using Tip Injection and Endwall Boundary Layer Removal[R]. ASME GT 2008-50214.
[20] 吴艳辉, 田江涛, 李清鹏, 等. 跨音轴流压气机转子叶尖喷气扩稳机理分析[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2011, 32(7): 1119-1122.
[21] Wang W , Chu W L, Zhang H G, et al. The Effects on Stability, Performance, and Tip Leakage Flow of Recirculating Casing Treatment in a Subsonic Axial Flow Compressor[R]. ASME GT 2016-56756.
[22] Wilke I, Kau HP, Brignole G. Numerically Aided Design of a High-Efficient Casing Treatment for a Transonic Compressor[R]. ASME GT 2005-68993.
[23] Lurie DP, Breeze-Stringfellow A. Evaluation of Experimental Data from a Highly Loaded Transonic Compressor Stage to Determine Loss Sources[R]. ASME GT 2015-42526.
[24] Hah C. Effects of Unsteady Flow Interactions on the Performance of a Highly-Loaded Transonic Compressor Stage[R]. ASME GT 2015-43389.
[25] Wang W, Chu W L, Zhang H G. Numerical Investigation on the Effect of a Plenum Chamber with Slot-Type Casing Treatment on the Performance of an Axial Transonic Compressor[J]. Journal Power and Energy, 2015, 229(4): 393-405.
[26] 王维, 楚武利, 张皓光. 叶顶喷气对高负荷轴流压气机性能的非定常影响机理[J]. 推进技术, 2014, 35(7): 905-913. (WANG Wei, CHU Wu-li, ZHANG Hao-guang. Mechanism of Unsteady Influence of Tip Injection on a High-Loaded Axial Compressor Performance[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2014, 35(7):905-913.)(编辑:史亚红)　　　　　　　　　　　　　*　收稿日期:2016-11-03；修订日期:2016-12-13。基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点基金(51576162；51236006)；西北工业大学博士论文创新基金(CX201422)。作者简介:王维,男,博士,研究领域为叶轮机械气动热力学。E-mail: alexnwpu@mail.nwpu.edu.cn通讯作者:楚武利,男,博士,教授,研究领域为叶轮机械气动热力学。E-mail: wlchu@nwpu.edu.cn