基于FGM和附加输运方程的NO数值模拟方法研究

推进技术 ›› 2017, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (7): 1523-1531.

基于FGM和附加输运方程的NO数值模拟方法研究

唐军,宋文艳

西北工业大学动力与能源学院，陕西西安 710072,西北工业大学动力与能源学院，陕西西安 710072

发布日期:2021-08-15
作者简介:唐军，男，博士生，研究领域为航空发动机燃烧室数值计算。

Numerical Study of NO Formation with FGM and an Additional Transport Equation

School of Power and Energy，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710072，China and School of Power and Energy，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710072，China

Published:2021-08-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究污染物NO的数值计算方法，对Sandia Flame D火焰的燃烧流场和NO排放进行了数值模拟研究。采用Realizable κ-ε模型捕捉湍流特征，分别采用绝热和非绝热FGM(Flamelet Generated Manifold)模型模拟热力化学特性，辐射模型采用光学薄模型(OTM)。由于NO的生成过程是慢反应过程，FGM模型的控制变量的时间尺度没有包含NO的时间尺度，因此通过求解NO的输运方程进行NO预测，其化学反应源项由FGM数据库直接插值得到。模拟结果与试验进行对比表明:FGM模型能够很好地捕捉燃烧流场的热力化学特征，但在上游富油区会过高地预测CO；辐射对温度、NO及其化学反应源项分布有非常强的影响，但对H2O，CO₂，CO的影响较小；采用求解NO输运方程的NO质量分数模拟精度明显高于直接由FGM数据库插值得到的NO质量分数，而且非绝热FGM模型得到的NO质量分数的模拟精度明显高于绝热FGM模型的，为精确模拟NO需要考虑NO的动力学特性和辐射效应。

关键词: FGM；辐射；绝热；非绝热；NO排放；光学薄模型

Abstract: In order to study the numerical method of NO formation，the reactive flow and NO emission of Sandia Flame D were studied numerically. The turbulent characteristics was captured with Realizable κ-ε model and the thermal chemical property was modeled with adiabatic and non-adiabatic FGM(Flamelet Generated Manifold) model respectively in which the optically thin model(OTM) was adopted as radiation model. As the formation of NO was a slow process，and moreover the time scale of progress variable in FGM model did not cover the time scale of NO，thereby NO distribution was simulated with a NO additional transport equation of which the chemical source term was interpolated from FGM look-table. The comparison between the numerical results and experiments shows that FGM model can capture the thermal chemical property of reactive flow well，while CO mass fraction is overestimated in the rich zone upstream. Radiation has a quite strong effect on the temperature，NO and NO chemical source term distribution，but has little effect on the H2O，CO₂，CO. The accuracy of NO mass fraction modeling with the additional transport equation is significantly higher than that directly interpolated from FGM look-table，and then the accuracy of NO mass fraction modeling with non-adiabatic FGM model is higher than that with adiabatic FGM model，hence the kinetics characteristics of NO and radiation effect should be considered in the simulation of NO for higher accuracy.

Key words: FGM；Radiation；Adiabatic；Non-adiabatic；NO emission；Optically thin model

唐军,宋文艳. 基于FGM和附加输运方程的NO数值模拟方法研究[J]. 推进技术, 2017, 38(7): 1523-1531.

TANG Jun,SONG Wen-yan. Numerical Study of NO Formation with FGM and an Additional Transport Equation[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2017, 38(7): 1523-1531.

参考文献

[1] Lefebvre A H, Ballal D R. Gas Turbine Combustion[M]. USA: CRC Press, 2010.
[2] Bongers H. Analysis of Flamelet-Based Methods to Reduce Chemical Kinetics in Flame Computations[D]. Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 2005.
[3] Van Oijen J A, De Goey L P H. Predicting NO Formation with Flamelet Generated Manifold[C]. Stockholm: Proceedings of the European Combustion Meeting, 2009.
[4] Mass U, Pope S B. Laminar Flame Calculations Using Simplified Chemical Kinetics Based on Intrinsic Low-Dimensional Manifolds[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 1994, 25(1): 1349-1356.
[5] Mass U, Pope S B. Simplifying Chemical Kinetics: Intrinsic Low-Dimensional Manifolds in Composition Space[J]. Combustion and Flame, 1992, 88(3-4):239-264.
[6] Pierce C D. Progress-Variable Approach for Large-Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Combustion[D]. California: Stanford University, 2001.
[7] Ravikanti M. Advanced Flamelet Modeling of Turbulent Nonpremixed and Partially Premixed Combustion[D]. Loughborough: Loughborough University, 2008.
[8] Ihme M, Pitsch H. Prediction of Extinction and Reignition in Nonpremixed Turbulent Flames using a Flamelet/Progress Variable Model 1. A Priori Study and Presumed PDF Closure[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2008, 155(1-2): 70-89.
[9] Ihme M, Pitsch H. Prediction of Extinction and Reignition in Nonpremixed Turbulent Flames using a Flamelet/Progress Variable Model 2. Application in LES of Sandia Flames D and E[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2008, 155(1-2): 90-107.
[10] El-Asrag H A, Iannetti A C, Apte S V. Large Eddy Simulation for Radiation-Spray Coupling for a Lean Direct Injector Combustor[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2014, 161(2): 510-524.
[11] 朱文中, 杨渐志, 陈靖, 等. 湍流扩散火焰局部熄火现象的大涡模拟研究[J]. 推进技术, 2015, 36(6): 808-815. (ZHU Wen-zhong, YANG Jian-zhi, CHEN Jing, et al. Large Eddy Simulation of Local Extinction of Turbulent Non-Premixed Flame[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2015, 36(6): 808-815.)
[12] 赵国焱, 孙明波, 吴锦水. 基于不同PDF的超声速扩散燃烧火焰面模型对比[J]. 推进技术, 2015, 36(2): 232-237. (ZHAO Guo-yan, Sun Ming-bo, WU Jin-shui. Comparison of Supersonic Diffusion Combustion Flamelet Model Based on Different PDF[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2015, 36(2): 232-237.)
[13] 范周琴, 孙明波, 刘卫东. 基于火焰面模型的超声速燃烧混合LES/RANS模拟[J]. 推进技术, 2011, 32(2): 191-196. (FAN Zhou-qin, SUN Ming-bo, LIU Wei-dong. Hybrid LES/RANS Simulation of Supersonic Combustion using Flamelet Model[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2011, 32(2): 191-196.)
[14] Van Oijen J A. Flamelet-Generated Manifolds: Development and Application to Premixed Laminar Flames[D]. Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 2002.
[15] Ramaekers W J S. Development of Flamelet Generated Manifolds for Partially-Premixed Flame[D]. Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 2011.
[16] 杨金虎. FGM预混及部分预混湍流燃烧模型研究与应用 [D]. 北京:中国科学院工程热物理研究所, 2012.
[17] Lodier G, Vervisch L, Moureau V, et al. Composition-Space Premixed Flamelet Solution with Differential Diffusion for in Situ Flamelet-Generated Manifolds[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2011, 158(10): 2009-2016.
[18] Bekdemir C. Numerical Modeling of Diesel Spray Formation and Combustion[D]. Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 2008.
[19] Godel G, Domingo P, Vervisch L. Tabulation of NO_x Chemistry for Large-Eddy Simulation of Non-Premixed Turbulent Flames[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2009, 32(1): 1556-1561.
[20] Ketelheun A, Olbricht C, Hahn F, et al. NO Prediction in Turbulent Flames using LES/FGM with Additional Transport Equations[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2011, 33(2): 2975-2982.
[21] Bazdidi-Tehrani F, Zeinivand H. Presumed PDF Modeling of Reactive Two-Phase Flow in a Three Dimensional Jet-Stabilized Model Combustor[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2010, 51(1): 225-234.
[22] Peng L, Zhang J. Simulation of Turbulent Combustion and NO Formation in a Swirl Combustor[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2009, 64(12): 2903-2914.
[23] Ishii T, Zhang C, Sugiyama S. Effects of NO Models on the Prediction of NO Formation in a Regenerative Furnace[J]. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 2000, 122(4): 224-228.
[24] Sripathi M, Krishnaswami S, Danis A M, et al. Laminar Flamelet Based NO_x Predictions for Gas Turbine Combustors[R]. ASME GT2014-27258.
[25] 陶文铨. 数值传热学[M]. 西安:西安交通大学出版社, 2001.
[26] Shih T H, Liou W W, Shabbir A, et al. A New κ-ε Eddy Viscosity Model for High Reynolds Number Turbulent Flows-Model Development and Validation[R]. NASA-TM-106721.
[27] Goodrich. [EB/OL]. http://www.cantera.org.
[28] Bowman C T, Hanson R K, Davidson, et al. [EB/OL]. http://www.me.berkeley.edu/gri_mech.
[29] Ketelheun A Olbricht C, Hahn F, et al. Premixed Generated Manifolds for the Computation of Technical Combustion Systems[R]. ASME GT2009-59940.
[30] Sadasivuni S K. LES Modelling of Non-Premixed and Partially Premixed Turbulent Flames[D]. Loughborough: Loughborough University, 2009.
[31] Kashir B, Tabejamaat S, Jalalatian N. A Numerical Study on Combustion Characteristics of Blended Methane-Hydrogen Bluff-Body Stabilized Swirl Diffusion Flames[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2015, 40(18): 6243-6258.
[32] Lien F S, Liu H, Chui E, et al. Development of an Analytical β-Function PDF Integration Algorithm for Simulation of Non-Premixed Turbulent Combustion[J]. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, 2009, 83(2): 205-226.
[33] Habibi A, Merci B, Roekaerts D. Turbulence Radiation Interaction in Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Simulations of Nonpremixed Piloted Turbulent Laboratory-Scale Flames[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2007, 151(1-2): 303-320.
[34] Lee K, Kim H, Park P, et al. CO₂ Radiation Heat Loss Effects on NO_x Emissions and Combustion Instabilities in Lean Premixed Flames[J]. Fuel, 2013, 106(4):682-689.
[35] Lee K W, Choi D H. Analysis of NO Formation in High Temperature Diluted Air Combustion in a Coaxial Jet Flame Using an Unsteady Flamelet Model[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2009, 52(5-6): 1412-1420.
[36] Grosshandler. [EB/OL]. http://www.ca.sandia.gov/TNF/radiation.html. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　收稿日期:2016-09-08；修订日期:2016-11-03。作者简介:唐军,男,博士生,研究领域为航空发动机燃烧室数值计算。E-mail: tangjun207@163.com(编辑:朱立影)