喷注压降对Al/AP粉末火箭发动机工作特性影响研究

推进技术 ›› 2018, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 2873-2880.

• 电推进和其它推进 • 上一篇

喷注压降对Al/AP粉末火箭发动机工作特性影响研究

李超¹,胡春波¹,武冠杰¹,李悦¹,邓哲²,朱小飞¹

西北工业大学燃烧、流动和热结构国家级重点实验室，陕西西安 710072,西北工业大学燃烧、流动和热结构国家级重点实验室，陕西西安 710072,西北工业大学燃烧、流动和热结构国家级重点实验室，陕西西安 710072,西北工业大学燃烧、流动和热结构国家级重点实验室，陕西西安 710072,西安近代化学研究所，陕西西安 710065,西北工业大学燃烧、流动和热结构国家级重点实验室，陕西西安 710072

发布日期:2021-08-15
作者简介:李超，男，博士生，研究领域为粉末发动机设计。E-mail: lichao1990@live.cn 通讯作者:胡春波，男，博士，教授，研究领域为粉末发动机设计。
基金资助:
载人航天领域预先研究项目。

Investigation on Effects of Injection Pressure Drop on Al/AP Powder Rocket Motor Operation Characteristics

National Key Laboratory of Combustion，Flow and Thermo-Structure，Northwestern Polytechnical University， Xi’an 710072，China,National Key Laboratory of Combustion，Flow and Thermo-Structure，Northwestern Polytechnical University， Xi’an 710072，China,National Key Laboratory of Combustion，Flow and Thermo-Structure，Northwestern Polytechnical University， Xi’an 710072，China,National Key Laboratory of Combustion，Flow and Thermo-Structure，Northwestern Polytechnical University， Xi’an 710072，China,Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute，Xi’an 710065，China and National Key Laboratory of Combustion，Flow and Thermo-Structure，Northwestern Polytechnical University， Xi’an 710072，China

Published:2021-08-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究喷注压降对Al/AP粉末火箭发动机工作特性影响，在考虑喷管两相流动损失的情况下，通过理论计算分析了压强、氧燃比对Al/AP粉末火箭发动机比冲、绝热燃烧温度及凝相产物质量分数的影响。以此为基础确定了Al/AP粉末火箭发动机工作参数，搭建了Al/AP粉末火箭发动机试验系统，通过改变流化气质量流率和粉末推进剂储箱出口通流面积的方法研究不同喷注压降下Al/AP粉末火箭发动机的工作特性。结果表明，流化气质量流率大小对Al/AP粉末火箭工作过程存在一定的影响，过小会导致粉末推进剂供给卡顿，过大会导致发动机性能降低。与此同时，Al/AP粉末火箭动机工作过程中存在由粉末推进剂输运时滞导致的燃烧室压力振荡，而通过提高粉末推进的喷注压降可以有效抑制这一振荡。当前技术状态下，由于在Al/AP粉末火箭动机燃烧室设计、粉末推进剂高效喷注和离散等方面存在不足，Al/AP粉末火箭动机的实际性能与理论性能还存在一定偏差，试验中最高燃烧效率为69.79%。

关键词: Al/AP粉末；火箭发动机；比冲；气固两相流；热试；燃烧效率

Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of injection pressure drop on Al/AP powder rocket motor operation characteristics， influences of pressure， oxidizer to fuel ratio on aluminum/ammonium perchlorate powder rocket motor’s specific impulse， adiabatic combustion temperature， and condensed phase mass fraction were analyzed through theoretic calculation with the consideration of nozzle two phase flow losses. Based on the calculation， design parameters of the motor were determined and by changing the fluidization gas mass flow rate as well as the powder propellant tank exit throttle orifice area， experimental study on the effects of injection pressure drop on the motor operation characteristics was conducted. The results show that the fluidization gas mass flow rate has a tremendous influence on the engines’ operating process， insufficient one will result in blocking of powder feeding and excess one will result in engine performance decrease. Meanwhile， there is a chamber pressure perturbation caused by the ‘time lag’ during powder feeding process， which can be restrained by increasing the powder injection pressure drop. Finally， under the current technology state， there still a big gap between practical performance and theoretic performance for the engine， which is caused by the insufficient level in combustion chamber design as well as the poor efficient in powder propellant injection and discrete， the highest combustion efficiency is 69.79% in the tests.

Key words: Al/AP powder；Rocket engine；Specific impulse；Gas-solid two phase flow；Fire test；Combustion efficiency

李超,胡春波,武冠杰,李悦,邓哲,朱小飞. 喷注压降对Al/AP粉末火箭发动机工作特性影响研究[J]. 推进技术, 2018, 39(12): 2873-2880.

LI Chao¹,HU Chun-bo¹,WU Guan-jie¹,LI Yue¹,DENG Zhe²,ZHU Xiao-fei¹. Investigation on Effects of Injection Pressure Drop on Al/AP Powder Rocket Motor Operation Characteristics[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2018, 39(12): 2873-2880.

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喷注压降对Al/AP粉末火箭发动机工作特性影响研究

Investigation on Effects of Injection Pressure Drop on Al/AP Powder Rocket Motor Operation Characteristics

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