横截面积对燃烧室内压力振荡及NOx生成特性的影响

推进技术 ›› 2018, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 592-604.

横截面积对燃烧室内压力振荡及NO_x生成特性的影响

石黎¹,付忠广²,王瑞欣²,宋家胜²,沈亚洲²,张辉²

湘潭大学机械工程学院，湖南湘潭 411105,华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院，北京 102206,华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院，北京 102206,华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院，北京 102206,华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院，北京 102206,华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院，北京 102206

发布日期:2021-08-15
作者简介:石黎，男，研究领域为复杂热力系统建模，湍流燃烧理论与数值模拟。
基金资助:
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2014ZZD04；2014XS17)；北京市自然基金面上项目(3162030)。

Effects of Cross-Sectional Area of Combustion Chamber on Characteristics of Pressure Oscillation and NO_x Formation

School of Mechanical Engineering，Xiangtan University，Xiangtan 411105，China,School of Energy，Power and Mechanical Engineering，North China Electric Power University，Beijing 102206，China,School of Energy，Power and Mechanical Engineering，North China Electric Power University，Beijing 102206，China,School of Energy，Power and Mechanical Engineering，North China Electric Power University，Beijing 102206，China,School of Energy，Power and Mechanical Engineering，North China Electric Power University，Beijing 102206，China and School of Energy，Power and Mechanical Engineering，North China Electric Power University，Beijing 102206，China

Published:2021-08-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了研究燃气轮机燃烧室结构对其性能的影响，采用三维全可压缩大涡模拟方法分析了燃气轮机燃烧室横截面积对燃烧室内压力振荡及NO_x生成特性的影响规律。分析表明:增大横截面积加速了射流的衰减过程，流体的发散角增大，中心回流区的范围扩大，回流速度则有所降低。中轴线附近，正向流动区域的范围扩大。由于径向旋流器与预混段的结构保持一致，不同横截面积时，上游流场中的进动涡核结构相似。增大横截面积使得燃烧室内声学耗散作用增强，压力振荡的幅值有所降低，因此，采用较大的燃烧室横截面积有利于抑制燃烧不稳定性现象的发生。由于峰值温度均超过1800K时，增大横截面积所导致的温度下降抑制了NO_x的生成，有利于控制NO_x排放。

关键词: 燃烧室；燃烧不稳定性；NO_x生成；大涡模拟

Abstract: Effects of chamber cross-sectional area on the characteristics of pressure oscillation and NO_x formation inside a gas turbine combustion chamber were numerically studied using a fully three dimensional compressible Large Eddy Simulation approach to evaluate its impacts on the performance of combustion chamber. The numerical results show that increasing the size of the combustion chamber improves the attenuate process and divergence angle of jet flow which increase the magnitude of central recirculation zone and thus compress the return velocity in this region. The magnitude of region with positive velocity rises with the increasing of chamber size. Differences in the structure of precession vortex cores are not significant due to the same structure of radial swirler and pre-chamber. The acoustics dissipation process of combustion chamber increases with the increasing of combustion chamber size which compresses the pressure oscillations amplitude inside the combustion chamber and thus beneficial for compressing the phenomenon of combustion instability. The peak temperature of the flame is much higher than 1800K. Therefore， decrease of the peak temperature caused by larger combustion chamber size compress the formation rate of NO_x which is beneficial for controlling the NO_x emission.

Key words: Combustion chamber；Combustion instability；NO_x formation；Large eddy simulation

石黎,付忠广,王瑞欣,宋家胜,沈亚洲,张辉. 横截面积对燃烧室内压力振荡及NO_x生成特性的影响[J]. 推进技术, 2018, 39(3): 592-604.

SHI Li¹,FU Zhong-guang²,WANG Rui-xin²,SONG Jia-sheng²,SHEN Ya-zhou²,ZHANG Hui². Effects of Cross-Sectional Area of Combustion Chamber on Characteristics of Pressure Oscillation and NO_x Formation[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2018, 39(3): 592-604.

参考文献

[1] T S. On Stationary and Travelling Vortex Breakdowns [J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1971, 45(3): 545-559.
[2] Huang Y, Yang V. Dynamics and Stability of Lean-Premixed Swirl-Stabilized Combustion [J]. Progress in Energy & Combustion Science, 2009, 35(4): 293-364.
[3] 朱文中, 杨渐志, 陈靖, 等. 湍流扩散火焰局部熄火现象的大涡模拟研究[J]. 推进技术, 2015, 36(6): 808-815. (ZHU Wen-zhong, YANG Jian-zhi, CHEN Jing, et al. Large Eddy Simulation of Local Extinction of Turbulent Non-Premixed Flame[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2015, 36(6): 808-815.)
[4] 张昊, 朱民. 热声耦合振荡燃烧的实验研究与分析[J]. 推进技术, 2010, 31(6): 730-744. (ZHANG Hao, ZHU Min. Experimental Study and Analysis of Thermo-Acoustic Instabilities in Natural Gas Premixed Flames[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2010, 31(6): 730-744.)
[5] Oberleithner K, St?hr M, Im S H, et al. Formation and Flame-Induced Suppression of the Precessing Vortex Core in a Swirl Combustor: Experiments and Linear Stability Analysis[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2015, 162(8): 3100-3114.
[6] Silva C F, Leyko M, Nicoud F, et al. Assessment of Combustion Noise in a Premixed Swirled Combustor Via Large-Eddy Simulation[J]. Computers & Fluids, 2013, 78(12): 1-9.
[7] Mafra M R, Fassani F L, Zanoelo E F, et al. Influence of Swirl Number and Fuel Equivalence Ratio on NO Emission in an Experimental LPG-Fired Chamber[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2010, 30(8): 928-934.
[8] Zhou L X, Wang F, Zhang J. Simulation of Swirling Combustion and NO Formation Using a USM Turbulence-Chemistry Model[J]. Fuel, 2003, 82(13): 1579-1586.
[9] Shi L, Fu Z, Shen Y, et al. LES of Swirl Angle on Combustion Dynamic and NO_x Formation in a Hybrid Industrial Combustor[J]. International Journal of Heat & Technology, 2016, 34(2): 197-206.
[10] Fu Y, Cai J, Jeng S M, et al. Confinement Effects on the Swirling Flow of a Counter-Rotating Swirl Cup[R]. ASME GT 2005-68622.
[11] Duwig C, Fuchs L, Lacarelle A, et al. Study of the Vortex Breakdown in a Conical Swirler Using LDV, LES and POD[R]. ASME GT 2007-27006.
[12] Stopper U, Meier W, Sadanandan R, et al. Experimental Study of Industrial Gas Turbine Flames Including Quantification of Pressure Influence on Flow Field, Fuel/Air Premixing and Flame Shape[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2013, 160: 2103-2118.
[13] Bulat G, Jones W P, Marquis A J. NO and CO Formation in an Industrial Gas-Turbine Combustion Chamber Using LES with the Eulerian Sub-Grid PDF Method [J].Combustion and Flame, 2014, 161(7): 1804-1825.
[14] Bulat G, Jones W P, Marquis A J. Large Eddy Simulation of an Industrial Gas-Turbine Combustion Chamber Using the Sub-Grid PDF Method [J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2013, 34(2): 3155-3164.
[15] Gicquel L Y M, Staffelbach G, Poinsot T. Large Eddy Simulations of Gaseous Flames in Gas Turbine Combustion Chambers[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2012, 38(6): 782-817.
[16] Syred N. A Review of Oscillation Mechanisms and the Role of the Precessing Vortex Core (PVC) in Swirl Combustion Systems[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2006, 32(2): 93-161.
[17] Kexin Liu, Victoria Sanderson. The Influence of Changes in Fuel Calorific Value to Combustion Performance for Siemens SGT-300 Dry Low Emission Combustion System[J]. Fuel, 2013, 103: 239-246.
[18] St?hr M, Boxx I, Carter C D, et al. Experimental Study of Vortex-Flame Interaction in a Gas Turbine Model Combustor[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2012, 159(8): 2636-2649.　　　　　　　　　　　　　*　收稿日期:2016-09-28；修订日期:2016-11-30。基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2014ZZD04；2014XS17)；北京市自然基金面上项目(3162030)。作者简介:石黎,男,研究领域为复杂热力系统建模,湍流燃烧理论与数值模拟。 E-mail: hnulee@sina.com(编辑:张荣莉)