粉末火箭发动机研究进展

推进技术 ›› 2018, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (8): 1681-1695.

• 综述 • 下一篇

粉末火箭发动机研究进展

李悦,胡春波,胡加明,朱小飞,张力锋,李超

西北工业大学燃烧、流动和热结构国家级重点实验室，陕西西安 710072,西北工业大学燃烧、流动和热结构国家级重点实验室，陕西西安 710072,西北工业大学燃烧、流动和热结构国家级重点实验室，陕西西安 710072,西北工业大学燃烧、流动和热结构国家级重点实验室，陕西西安 710072,西北工业大学燃烧、流动和热结构国家级重点实验室，陕西西安 710072,西北工业大学燃烧、流动和热结构国家级重点实验室，陕西西安 710072

发布日期:2021-08-15
作者简介:李悦，男，博士生，研究领域为粉末发动机设计。E-mail: liyyue@mail.nwpu.edu.cn 通讯作者:胡春波，男，博士，教授，研究领域为粉末发动机设计。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51576166)。

Progress of Powder Rocket Engine Technology

National Key Laboratory of Combustion，Flow and Thermal-Structure，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710072，China,National Key Laboratory of Combustion，Flow and Thermal-Structure，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710072，China,National Key Laboratory of Combustion，Flow and Thermal-Structure，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710072，China,National Key Laboratory of Combustion，Flow and Thermal-Structure，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710072，China,National Key Laboratory of Combustion，Flow and Thermal-Structure，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710072，China and National Key Laboratory of Combustion，Flow and Thermal-Structure，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710072，China

Published:2021-08-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新型粉末火箭是以颗粒形态燃料或氧化剂为主要推进工质，以少量流化气体为输送介质的火箭推进系统，具有推力可调、多脉冲工作的功能和结构简单、环境温度适应性强、工作可靠性高等性能优势，在近地空间开发、深空探测等领域具有深远的研究价值。本文针对粉末火箭发展历史及技术现状进行了概述分析，并以此梳理出粉末推进剂装填与改性、粉末供给输送、粉末喷注与燃烧等主要关键技术，并对包括冷态标定、常压点火以及样机试车等粉末火箭发动机系统研究过程进行了介绍，同时提出了高性能粉末推进剂研究、发动机低压点火、粉末输送分流与多点喷注、发动机系统控制、环境温度适应潜力等是粉末火箭发动机技术的发展方向。通过对粉末火箭发动机研究经验归纳整理，明确了粉末发动机自身工作特点与优势。

关键词: 粉末火箭发动机；Al/AP粉末火箭；Mg粉/CO₂火箭；粉末燃烧；粉末流化；深空探测

Abstract: The powder rocket， which makes use of particle fuel and oxidant as the main propellant fluidized by small amount of gas， can realize function of thrust modulation and multiple-impulse. Meanwhile， the advantages of excellent adaptability to extreme environment， simple engine structure and reliable operation performance makes it to be a potential propulsion system in the field of terrestrial space and deep space exploitation and has been addressed intermittently recently. The new-type powder rocket engine development history and technical status quo is summarized and analyzed and the rocket system research include cold flow calibration， ignition calibration and prototype rocket test is introduced. It is pointed out that the powder modification and pack， powder supply， powder injection， chamber combustion organization， rocket engine system research are the critical technology to be urgent solved. Furthermore， powder ignition in low pressure environment， multiple-outlet powder feed， rocket engine control and the temperature sensitivity research of powder are the development direction of powder rocket engine technologies. Rocket engine operation characteristics and advantage is summarized through literature consulting and material analysis， which offers a reference for the follow-up study and application of powder rocket engine.

Key words: Powder rocket engine；Al/AP propulsion；Mg/CO₂ propulsion；Powder combustion；Powder supply；Deep-space exploration

李悦,胡春波,胡加明,朱小飞,张力锋,李超. 粉末火箭发动机研究进展[J]. 推进技术, 2018, 39(8): 1681-1695.

LI Yue,HU Chun-bo,HU Jia-ming,ZHU Xiao-fei,ZHANG Li-feng,LI Chao. Progress of Powder Rocket Engine Technology[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2018, 39(8): 1681-1695.

参考文献

[1] 刘建平. 国外固体推进剂技术现状和发展趋势[J]. 固体火箭技术, 2010, 23(1): 22-26.
[2] 王宝成, 李鑫, 赵凤起, 等. 凝胶推进剂研究进展[J]. 化学推进剂与高分子材料, 2015, 13(1):1-6.
[3] Geoffrey A Landis. Mars Rocket Vehicle Using in Situ Propellants[J]. Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets, 2001, 38(5): 730-735.
[4] Coons S, Curtis R, Mclain C, et al. In Situ Propellant Production Strategies and Applications for a Low-Cost Mars Sample Return Mission[R]. AIAA 95-2796.
[5] Szabo J, Miller T, Herr J, et al. Magnesium Bipropellant Rockets for Martian Ascent Vehicles[R]. AIAA 2011-5834.
[6] Foote J P, Litchford R J. Powdered Magnesium—Carbon Dioxide Rocket Combustion Technology for in Situ Mars Propulsion[R]. NASA/TP 2007-215077.
[7] Goroshin S, Higgins A, Lee J. Powdered Magnesium-Carbon Dioxide Propulsion Concepts for Mars Missions[R]. AIAA 99-2408.
[8] 蔡玉鹏, Mg/CO₂粉末火箭发动机燃烧室初步设计及燃烧组织研究[D]. 西安:西北工业大学, 2017.
[9] Loftus H, Montanino L, Bryndle R. Powder Rocket Feasibility Evaluation[R]. AIAA 72-1162.
[10] Loftus H, Marshall D, Montanino L N. Powder Rocket Feasibility Evaluation[R]. NTIS AD-76-9283.
[11] 李悦, 胡春波, 孙海俊, 等. 粉末火箭发动机燃烧室燃烧流动特性研究[J]. 固体火箭技术, 2014, (6):792-796.
[12] Li Y, Hu C, Deng Z, et al. Experimental Study on Multiple-Pulse Performance Characteristics of Ammonium Perchlorate/Aluminum Powder Rocket Motor[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2016, 133: 455-466.
[13] Shorr M, Reinhardt T F. Feasibility of a Fluidized Powder Demand-Mode Gas Generator[J]. Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets, 1974, 11(1): 29-32.
[14] Shafirovich E, Varma A. Metal-CO₂ Propulsion for Mars Missions: Current Status and Opportunities[J]. Journal of Propulsion & Power, 2008: 385-394.
[15] Wickman J. In-Situ Mars Rocket and Jet Engines Burning Carbon Dioxide[R]. AIAA 99-2409.
[16] 张胜敏, 杨玉新, 胡春波. 粉末火箭发动机推力调节试验研究[J]. 固体火箭技术, 2015, (3): 347-350.
[17] Michael L Meyer. Design Issues for Lunar in Situ Aluminum/Oxygen Propellant Rocket Engines[R]. AIAA 92-1185.
[18] 邓哲, 胡春波, 卢子元, 等, Metal/N2O粉末火箭发动机实验研究[J]. 固体火箭技术, 2015, (2): 220-224.
[19] Healy R. The Black Powder Rocket Charge: Its Military Uses[J]. Astronautics, 1942, 12(53): 3-10.
[20] Parsons J W. Experiments with Powder Motors for Rocket Propulsion by Successive Impulses[J]. Astronautics, 1939, 9(43): 4-11.
[21] Gordon Robert. Powder Rocket Tests of the C.R.S.: Initial Experiments of the California Group[J]. Astronautics, 1941, 11(51): 10-12.
[22] Brandenberger E M, Ernst T. Powder Propellant Rocket Motors[P]. US: 2957307, 1960.
[23] Precoul M. Powder-Fuelled Rocket[P]. US: 3234878 A, 1966.
[24] 马利锋, 杨玉新, 霍东兴, 等. 大速差射流装置对固体粉末冲压发动机燃烧性能的影响分析[J]. 中国科学:技术科学, 2015, (1): 21-24.
[25] Li C, Hu C, Xin X, et al. Experimental Study on the Operation Characteristics of Aluminum Powder Fueled Ramjet[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2016, 129: 74-81.
[26] 胡春波. 粉末燃料冲压发动机研究进展[J]. 固体火箭技术, 2017, 40(3): 269-276.
[27] 申慧君. 粉末燃料冲压发动机关键技术探索与研究[D]. 长沙:国防科学技术大学, 2008.
[28] Foote J P, Thompson B R, Lineberry J T. Combustion of Aluminum with Steam for Underwater Propulsion[M].Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2002.
[29] Miller T, Herr J. Green Rocket Propulsion by Reaction of Al and Mg Powders and Water[R]. AIAA 2004-4037.
[30] Brown R L, Richards J C. Principles of Powder Mechanics[M]. UK: Pergamon Press, 1970.
[31] Shorr M. An Experimental Study of Burning Rate in Powder Beds[R]. AIAA 75-1334.
[32] Shorr M. Reinhardt T F. Feasibility of a Fluidized Powder Demand-Mode Gas Generator[J]. Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets, 1975, 11(1): 29-32.
[33] Kapanadze S A, Mazing G Yu, Pmdnikov N E. Feasibilities of Using Planetary Atmosphere for a Takeoff from a Descent Vehicle to Earth[C]. Moscow: Nauchnye Chteniya po Aviatsii I Kosmonavtike, 1981.
[34] Braun W V, Page T. The Mars Project[J]. American Journal of Physics, 1963, 31(8).
[35] Ash R L. Feasibility of Rocket Propellant Production on Mars[J]. Acta Astronautica, 1978, 5(9): 705-724.
[36] Ramohalli K. Novel Extraterrestrial Processing for Space Propulsion[J]. Acta Astronautica, 1987, 15(5):259-273.
[37] Shafirovich E, Goldshleger U. Combustion of Magnesium Particles in CO₂/CO Mixtures[J]. Combustion Science & Technology, 1992, 84(1-6): 33-43.
[38] Shafirovich E. The Superheat Phenomenon in the Combustion of Magnesium Particles[J]. Combustion & Flame, 1992, 88(3-4): 425-432.
[39] Shafirovich E. Magnesium and Carbon Dioxide-A Rocket Propellant for Mars Missions[J]. Journal of Propulsion & Power, 1993, 9(2): 197-203.
[40] John Foote, Ron Litchford. Powdered Magnesium-Carbon Dioxide Combustion for Mars Propulsion[R]. AIAA 2005-4469.
[41] 姚亮, 胡春波, 肖虎亮, 等. Mg粉/CO₂粉末火箭发动机点火试验研究[J]. 固体火箭技术, 2011, 34(4):440-442.
[42] 乔龄山. 水泥堆积密度理论计算方法介绍[J]. 水泥, 2007, 7: 1-7.
[43] Miller T F, Walter J L, Kiely D H. A Next-Generation AUV Energy System Based on Aluminum-Seawater Combustion[C]. Isle of Bendor: Proceedings of the 2002 Workshop on IEEE, 2002.
[44] 杨晋朝, 夏智勋, 胡建新, 等. 粉末燃料高效装填技术研究[J]. 固体火箭技术, 2013, 36(1): 37-44.
[45] 武冠杰, 任全彬, 胡春波, 等. 基于AP预处理技术的粉末推进剂性能[J]. 含能材料, 2017, 8: 627-632.
[46] Weymouth C A. Effects of Particle Interference in Mortars and Concretes[J]. Rock Products, 1933, 36(2):26-30.
[47] 朱小飞. 铝粉装填率及其流化性能研究[D]. 西安:西北工业大学, 2015
[48] 张杰, 贺俊, 邹彦文. 固体颗粒表面改性及其在推进剂领域中的应用研究[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2004, 36(9): 1147-1152.
[49] 刘冠鹏. 镁(铝)金属粉的改性及其在金属/水反应推进剂中的应用研究[D]. 南京:南京理工大学, 2008.
[50] 王婷, 朱宝忠, 孙运兰. Ni包覆纳米Al粉在CO₂气氛中热反应特性及动力学研究[J]. 推进技术, 2017, 38(1): 220-226. (WANG Ting, ZHU Bao-zhong, SUN Yun-lan. Thermal Reaction Characteristics and Kinetics of Nano-Aluminum Powder Coated with Nickel in Carben Dioxide[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2017, 38(1): 220-226.)
[51] Sun H, Hu C, Zhang T, et al. Experimental Investigation on Mass Flow Rate Measurements and Feeding Characteristics of Powder at High Pressure[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016, 102: 30-37.
[52] 郭连贵, 宋武林, 谢长生, 等. 核壳结构纳米铝粉热学行为[J]. 推进技术, 2012, 33(3): 478-482. (GUO Lian-gui, SONG Wu-lin, XIE Chang-sheng, et al. Thermal Behavior of Core-Shell Structure Aluminum Nanopowders[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology,2012, 33(3): 478-482.)　　　　　　　　　　　　　*　收稿日期:2017-10-28；修订日期:2017-12-26。基金项目:国家自然科学基金(51576166)。作者简介:李悦,男,博士生,研究领域为粉末发动机设计。E-mail: liyyue@mail.nwpu.edu.cn通讯作者:胡春波,男,博士,教授,研究领域为粉末发动机设计。E-mail: Huchubo@nwpu.edu.cn

粉末火箭发动机研究进展

Progress of Powder Rocket Engine Technology

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 0

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价