Abstract: Aimed at understanding the regulations about how hollow cathode geometry features and working conditions affect its discharge characteristics，a regional uniform model suitable for orificed hollow cathode is presented and the method is based on hypothesis that plasma parameters are uniform for both insert and orifice region. Neither preliminary experimental dates nor empirical dates are needed for the model calculation input parameters. The model was used for calculating the discharge characteristics parameters for LHC-5L hollow cathodes. Compared with the test results，the error of calculated discharge voltage is less than 20% and the error of calculated emitter temperature is less than 15%. The variation tendency of calculated discharge voltage and emitter temperature with discharge current，xenon flow rate and geometry features are basically consistent with the tests. The results from the tests show that the model is qualified for forecasting discharge characteristics and could serve the hollow cathode design optimization and geometry parameters selection.

Key words: Electric propulsion；Hollow cathode；Discharge characteristic；Modeling and simulation；Performance test

摘要： 为了研究空心阴极结构尺寸和工况参数对放电性能的影响规律，基于发射体区和孔腔区等离子体参数均布假设，建立了一种不依赖试验和经验参数的适用于节流型空心阴极的分区均布数学模型。以LHC-5L空心阴极为算例，仿真结果与空心阴极试验结果对比表明，当输入参数在一定范围之内，计算所得放电电压误差优于20%，发射体温度误差优于15%，放电电压等参数随放电电流、工质流率、关键结构尺寸的变化趋势与试验结果基本一致，证明该模型可以用于预测空心阴极放电性能，为空心阴极结构参数选择和设计优化提供依据。

关键词: 电推进；空心阴极；放电特性；建模仿真；性能试验